Enzyme Case Study Essay

Procedures for Part A: For Activity A, we first tested enzyme activity. First, we used an H2O2 syringe to transfer 10 mL of H2O2 into an unlabeled 60-mL cup. Then, we used a transfer pipet to add one mL of catalase solution into the unlabeled 60-mL cup that we put H2O2 in. After that, we observed the solution for one minute. Then we tested the effect of boiling on enzyme activity. First we used a transfer pipet to transfer 4 mL of catalase into a test tube. After that, we placed the test tube filled with catalase in a boiling water bath for five minutes. While we were waiting, we rinsed the unlabeled cup we used earlier when we tested enzyme activity. Then we used a H2O2 syringe to transfer 10 mL of H2O2 into the rinsed unlabeled cup. After five minutes, we transferred 1 mL of the boiling catalase into the unlabeled cup with H2O2 in it with an unused transfer pipet and observed the results. After testing the effect of boiling on enzyme activity, we tested for catalase in living tissue. First, we rinsed the unlabeled 60 mL cup we used earlier. Then, we used a scalpel to cut a small piece of liver. After that, we macerated the piece of liver with a glass rod. When the liver was macerated enough, we put it in a cup with 10 mL of H2O2, which was transferred into the cup with a H2O2 syringe. Lastly, we observed the cup. Procedures for Part B: First, we used a clean syringe labeled H2O2 and filled it with H202. Then, we transferred the contents of the syringe into a 60 mL cup labeled Baseline. Second, we used the plastic transfer pipet to add 1 mL of distilled water and added it to the Baseline cup. Third, we used the syringe labeled H2O2 to add 10 mL of H2O2 and transfer that into the Baseline cup. Fourth, we gently swirled the contents of the Baseline cup to mix the solution. Then, we used the syringe labeled Transfer and removed 5 mL of the solution in the Baseline cup into the cup labeled Titration. Lastly, we titrated the 5 mL sample of the Baseline solution. To titrate the solution, we filled the titration syringe with 10 mL of KMnO4. Then, we added one drop of KMnO4 into the titration cup while gently swirling the contents of the cup until the purple color disappears. We repeated adding one drop of KMnO4 until the solution in the titration cup changed into a light brown color. Procedures for Part C: First, we lined up the 60 mL plastic cups labeled 10 sec, 30 sec, 60 sec, 120 sec, and 180 sec. Second, using a syringe, we transferred 10 mL of H2O2 into each cup. Third, we added 1 mL of catalase into the 10 sec cup, using a transfer pipet and gently swirled the contents of the cup. After 10 sec, we added 10 mL of H2O2 while gently swirling the contents of the cup. Then, we repeated the last 3 steps for each cup, but allowed the reactions to proceed for 30, 60, 120, and 180 second as assigned before adding the 10 mL of H2O2. After adding the H2O2 to all of the cups, we removed 5 mL of each solution of each cup and transferred it into a separate cup labeled titrate. Lastly, we titrated each cup filled with sample solution until each solution reaches endpoint.

Color of Water Rhetorical

Racism was a great dilemma for African Americans in the past. James McBride, who was the writer The Color of Water, is a great example on the hardships of racism. McBride tells us of how he and his mother were faced with struggles and still prospered though because It does not matter if he is considered Jewish or Christian; It does not matter if he is considered black or white, all that matters is that you must advance. James begins his life with confusion, not knowing which side to settle with and at the end of the story he is calm and has accepted his identity. He begins with memories about his father's death, about the lack of space in their house, about the hobbies his mother took up after his father's death and about how he was embarrassed by his Jewish mother. On one side he is profoundly in touch with his black side and on the other he despises it. For example, he is teased by the white, and is sent to a Jewish school. He switches between the two sides frequently. When his father dies, he pushes his family away and lives with his step sister and sees the real black life through encounters with the Chicken Man and others. On the other hand, he also traces out his white Jewish roots through his mother. He understands his mother's struggles and identifies with them. He begin to realize that she controlled her life, not her religion or her race and as he reaches this realization through his struggles as a black son of a white mother, as a Christian son of a Jewish mother, he understands that it doesn’t matter. He is what he makes of himself: the color of water. His best friend is a Jew and he becomes the best man at his wedding and McBride's mother attends his wedding and fully participates in it. These events marks the climax of all the struggles, religious and ethnicity, of the McBride family; the son's life rising from confusion and ambivalence. James asks his mother whether God is black or white, when he is a boy living in a black community with a mother who is white, and is doing so because he is confised about his personal race and who he is. Adding to the confusion, his mother responds that she is â€Å"light-skinned†. When his mother explains that God doesn't have a color, and that God is â€Å"the color of water†, he begins to grasp the concept of god being within us. Racism, in this time, affected many African American childrens goal in life. During my residency in Florida, I had a African American freidn who I was not allowed to speak to due to racial discrimination. Some individuals fear them or are provoked by the color, which to me is in-humane. When will we see equality among different races? Racism can be defined as a discrimination or prejudice, based on race and a belief that a particular race is superior to others. According to Christian beliefs, all humans have two ancestors, Adam and Eve. All humans are brothers and sisters but the unique in their own separate ways. Combine this with ignorance and it gives rise to racism. Racism has been around for a long time, and its effects are still being seen. James McBride and his mother stuggle during segregation in 1940-1970's. To this day racisms still exist. It may not be as worse as in the olden days, but it is still affecting individuals around the world. McBride reveals to us of how his life, during racism, was a complete struggle but still is able to prosper.

Reasons for Surfing the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reasons for Surfing the Internet - Essay Example   For younger people, the Internet is very important in terms of the opportunities it creates to socialize. People can stay in contact with their friends, follow events in their friends’ and families’ lives, meet new friends and even join communities of similar people, with the same beliefs and ways of thinking (Finn, 2009, website). They also join social networking websites such as Facebook in order to remain current with their social groups. This is the first category of reasons for surfing the Internet according to this essay, but importantly, it does not only apply to younger people: socializing on the Internet also applies to all groups of people, no matter their age. Older people use Facebook and other more business-oriented networking sites such as LinkedIn to grow their connections to people in the same industries as theirs, or in the same social circles as theirs. Many families stay in touch via technology such as Skype, when they cannot physically be togethe r. They have conversations across the world and are able to see each other and communicate more effectively via the Internet. There are also very legitimate sites for people to meet each other for relationships, such as dating sites, or less specifically for emotional relationships, community forum sites, where people who have common characteristics can meet and share ideas in cyberspace. This category of people who use the Internet is therefore wide, and cuts across age, status and nationality groups in society.... They have conversations across the world, and are able to see each other and communicate more effectively via the Internet. There are also very legitimate sites for people to meet each other for relationships, such as dating sites, or less specifically for emotional relationships, community forum sites, where people who have common characteristics can meet and share ideas in cyberspace. This category of people who use the Internet is therefore wide, and cuts across age, status and nationality groups in society. While there is some danger for people in that they could meet sexual predators or con artists in this way, the Internet still provides a major source for many people of the need to socialize with others. A second category of reasons for Internet surfing is due to the amount of information that can be found on the World Wide Web. From students at schools and universities, to professional people and businesspeople, many people use the Internet to find the information that they n eed to do what they need to do. Very credible sources of academic knowledge are available on the Internet and more and more universities and schools are advising students to do research in this way. While some sources are not well-substantiated, many academic journals, the best magazines and newspapers, encyclopedias, and textbooks can all be sourced on the Internet. This method of research definitely saves time, and makes it possible for people to keep up to date with knowledge in their fields, complete academic courses and even find out how to repair their cars! Although not strictly Internet surfing, it is even possible for people to publish their research and writing on the World Wide Web. This group of

Guerrila Government In the EPA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Guerrila Government In the EPA - Essay Example gan’s new government was sooner or later covered by public administrators who demonstrated silent disagreement from the dissatisfaction they allegedly got from the public organizations they were attached to although they did not have the audacity to openly air their concerns but instead chose to go against the will of their seniors. One such incident was with a public administrator known as John Spencer appointed in the Environment Protection Agency consisting of Washington, Alaska, Idaho, and Oregon State. Essentially, he began his ethical issues by making announcement that he had intended to purchase EPA membership in the Chamber of Commerce using taxpayers’ money. According to O’Leary (2013), Spence was aware that the use of taxpayers’ money was unethical since it was not permitted in the federal guidelines. Nevertheless, he would later ignore and drop the idea after another officer raised the issue and argued that it was meant to raise serious questions pertaining to conflict of interest. Another ethical issue related to Spencer was the audacity to take on some illegal and private trips that were at the expense of the public and not meant to benefit the government. Furthermore, some of these trips were allegedly affiliated to his previous work station, Alaska. Similarly, he is also alleged to have demanded to be assigned a personal driver who would serve him throughout notwithstanding the fact that he needed the EPA office building modified without any approval from the General Services Administration as mandated by federal law (O’Leary, 2013). It is worth noting that the career employees are obligated to report any cases of ethical issues in reference to the federal law. Preston, Sampford & Connors (2002) argues that, they receive motivation from their seniors and their personal traits. The use of guerilla tactics is denoted as the best solution in pinning down administrators who do not follow code of ethics because instead of

Developping and managing sales for Google Essay

Developping and managing sales for Google - Essay Example It is indeed one of the things that happened to the Internet and the information technology world in general. Also, Google has been expanding in business, as word of mouth has played a huge role in its success and the advertising. This goes to show the affection and praise that the people, no matter their age or where they come from, have for the Google Company. Google has its headquarters in Mountain View, California, United States, and the company's Chief Executive Officer is Dr. Eric Schmidt, who is also the Chairman of the Board. Google has devised different platforms, so as to be constantly in touch with its investors, has an 'Investor relations' program that is constantly encouraging investors to invest in the various realms of Google's business and growth. Google builds on its market share and strives to grow in an exponential manner by focusing more than anything else on a 'Build' strategy. It is perceivable that this particular strategy is serving the cause well for Google than a Hold, Divest or Harvest strategy would. The business strategy that is adopted by Google is of a niche nature, since it targets different audiences differently. The company blends its logo and themes according to the situation and people residing within a particular reachout region. Also Google focuses significantly on changes in season and era, utilizing different strategies to target different market areas. This ensures the building of long term relationships, and an understanding of Google's attachment with specific audiences. Google's success Google is famous for 'searching' all over the world. Such is the fame of this company all over the world that it has become a generic word of English and other languages, and is meant to stand for running a search for information about a particular topic on the Internet. This speaks volumes of the rise of Google as a brand and as a service in the lives of the people. Google is here to stay, as the company has been providing valuable services its users. Thus without a shadow of a doubt, Google is indeed a successful business and is renowned for being one of the first and the best in the industry. Google is considered as a success also because it is

Administrative Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Administrative Challenges - Essay Example Majority of corrections officers are employed by the government of the country they work in, although some are employed by the private sector. The roles of corrections officer can vary from one facility to another, but they usually include maintaining discipline, order, and peace within the facility, implementing the rules and regulations of the facility as well as relevant laws, transporting inmates to other correctional institutions, to courts, or into the community (for example, escorted day-pass, medical appointments, etc.), providing tactical response for hostage-takings, riots, and other ongoing crises and emergencies, providing first-response in events such as medical emergencies, fire, riots, assaults, etc., and search environs and inmates for illegal imports. On the whole, their job is to ensure the control, custody, rehabilitation, and care of persons who have been found guilty of a crime and sentenced to serve time in jail or in a prison or who have been arrested and are a waiting trial while on remand, as well as to ensure the security and safety of the facility where they operate in itself. Being a corrections officer is an honor, since one gets to serve the country and help in maintaining peace and order. Helping an inmate through the process of rehabilitation is also probably a good feeling, knowing that one has played a role in turning somebody into a better person. However, being a corrections officer is also challenging. It is undeniably one of the most stressful jobs there is. A researcher once observed that any social structure or organization which includes a group of individuals who do not want to be there and a group of individuals who see to it that they stay there is a social structure or organization under stress (Brodsky, 1982). This description fits exactly the setting of a jail or prison with inmates who do not want to be there, and corrections officers making sure that they do not escape. Numerous studies and interviews have been co nducted to know more about the stress experienced by corrections officers and the findings show that there are numerous causes of stress, either work-related or organization-related. One of the work-related causes of stress is the threat of violence among or from inmates. Another one is the actual inmate violence, which includes inmates assaulting or killing staff or other inmates, hostage-taking, inmate suicides, and riots. Actual inmate violence not only causes stress for corrections officers as it happens, but also afterwards, as the anxiety of officers is increased after critical happenings by the after effects of job insecurity, blaming, scapegoat-ing, and recriminations (Freeman, 1997). Manipulation attempts and persistent demands by some inmates are also a major source of stress for corrections officers; for example, an inmate makes additional food or cigarette requests with a promise to control other inmates or not to cause any trouble. Problems with co-workers also prove to be stressful; as a matter of fact, according to a survey, 22% or corrections officers regarded â€Å"other officers or staff† as more stressful than any other factor apart from having to deal with inmates that are difficult and aggressive (Marston, 1993). Some of the conditions that can bring about stress among co-workers include officers battling for restricted, choice assignments, improper behavior toward inmates (e.g. taking questionable disciplinary actions, becoming too

Usability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Usability - Essay Example Therefore, for the Web, usability is a necessary condition for survival.† (Nielsen, 2010). Five basic criteria were selected from a number of criteria provided by other comparable websites for this purpose. Each criterion was compared or correlated with other criteria used by other websites. If parameters of a criterion were found encompassing with the other sites’ criteria on a more broad range, then this was taken as a major criterion. Each criterion was applied while doing actual access and navigation of the given sites. The five chosen and listed criteria for this purpose were: a) aesthetic page design; b) organization and functionality; c) content coverage and accuracy; d) effectiveness and relevance and finally, e) client satisfaction. Given these criteria, the three cited websites were assessed accordingly indicating their areas with low or high usability and the corresponding recommendations how to improve their usability, if found low. The succeeding process of evaluation was also based on first hand experience on actual navigation, exploration and access of the given sites. It is expected that with this exercise, this study can provide an initial assessment whether these sites have high or low usability and if low, what are the best recommendations to improve their usability. (Benbunan-Fich, 2001) defined the concept of usability as â€Å"how well and how easily a user, without formal training, can interact with an information system of a website† (Wang, J. and Senecal, S. 2007). Succeeding discussion delves on brief descriptions of each selected criterion and how each was related to the evaluation. As the user opens the website, his visuals land first with its homepage and the first that are stimulated is his aesthetic senses. The first criterion relates to the impact of the aesthetic page design. The strength of the visual design usually adds value to the users’ aesthetic

Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Criminology - Essay Example The thing is that the majority of crimes can be referred to the minor ones and that is why they simply may not be reported to the police. It is unreasonable to think that crimes occur extraordinary seldom, they happen all the time because it is a mundane thing. It is well-known that crime rate increases when under the following social disasters as: war, crisis, unemployment, famine etc. Despite this, the Routine activity theory proves that it is not always the case. For example, when the World War II was finished, the western states were flourishing, the standard of living was raising and the economy stabilized and showed good results. At the same time the crime rate increased drastically. Felson and Cohen explained this in the following way â€Å"the prosperity of contemporary society offers so much opportunities of crime: there is much more to steal† (Cohen and Felson, 1979 ). This theory has become the issue of disputes among criminalists and sociologists, the later believing that only social changes can bring about the increase or decrease of the crime rate. There are some types of crimes that can be perfectly explained with the help of Routine Theory. The first is the copyright infringement. It is understandable that such factors as the rate of unemployment and the society prosperity do not influence this type of crime. People usually commit it when they have an opportunity or sometimes because of unawareness. For, example, a person gets the handwriting of some scientific invention. He\she may take some ideas from it without signifying the original author. It happens because the opportunity arose or juncture happened. To such kinds of thefts can be referred the following ones: peer-to-peer file sharing, corporate crime and employee theft. There is a definite approach on crime prevention that originates from the Routine activity theory. Crime prevention Theory â€Å"focuses on reducing crime opportunities rather than on the

Religion interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Religion interview - Essay Example It happened that she decided to convert from her Baptist faith to Islam, at first because she fell in love with a Muslim boy, and he wanted her to join him in his faith. At first she felt uncomfortable with it, but because she loved him she decided to try it out. She doubted at the time that it would come to a point where she would be convinced to change religions. All she wanted to do was to understand her boyfriend better. At this point, my friend Amber (my friend) explained that she had to move away with her family to a Muslim country, Kuwait, mainly because the family had a chance to be together with their father. Amber’s dad worked as an executive with a Kuwaiti petroleum company. Kuwait is not an exceedingly strict Muslim country, and women could go about in Western clothing and without a veil, as long as they observed modesty and simplicity. Amber never felt any antipathy towards Muslims, although she did feel a cultural gap particularly in the observance of the holidays, such as Ramadan and Eidl Fitr. She just regarded Islam as something separate and distant from her, and had it not been for her boyfriend, she would not have any interest in reading the Quran, or in studying the tenets of this religion which she had always regarded as foreign to her. As it happened, Amber was surprised to find out that much of what Islam was teaching were principles she felt she had no trouble agreeing with. Islam taught moderation in living, doing what is right and just to others, and above all to worship the one true God, the Creator of all that exists. For a while she had struggled with the nature of Jesus Christ, who in Christianity is the Son of God, but in Islam is one among God’s holy prophets. In Islam, the Ultimate Reality is the singularity of the one true God. â€Å"The name ‘Allah’ itself means ‘The’ (‘al-‘) ‘God’ (‘-llah’), and that this

The Impact of Consumer Culture on the Advertisement of Oligo.Dx Assignment

The Impact of Consumer Culture on the Advertisement of Oligo.Dx - Assignment Example The representation of the body as promotional material and the connection of the same with the prevailing consumer culture of the catered customer base also is being critically evaluated. The advertisement does the extension of the product through directly noticeable images and also through critically relevant promotional text. The advertisement basically can be analyzed in two portions of which the first is the picture of a lady highlighting the cellulitis in her thighs. This image is captioned by the catchword, ‘90% of all women have cellulite’. This picture and the caption intend to cater for a broader range of customer base. This caption gives the reader a feeling that she is also included in the target group. This automatically adds to the range of the customer base. On the other side, this has an important link with the consumer culture as well. Featherstone (18-33) has opined that within a consumer culture, advertisement materials and other promotional media provides a proliferation of stylized images of the body. This has caused acute changes in the consumer culture of the society as the same has influenced their attention on both inner and outer body maintenance (Featherstone, 18-33). It should be taken into account that the advertisement of ‘Oligo. Dx’ caters to such a consumer base whose consumer culture is heavily influenced by these changes. Thus this caption along with the image contributes much towards the expansion of the consumer base. In this context, it can be well stated that the image and the caption in the advertisement successfully connect with the consumer culture and resultantly broadens the customer base for the product. In other words, these components the in the advertisement could successfully drag the reader into the customer base by utilizing the consumer culture pattern.  

What does it to be a good leader Essay Example for Free

What does it to be a good leader Essay What does it to be a good leader? A leader is that person who uses social, organizational, intellectual or such authority to command a group, organization, or country (Cragg Spurgeon, 2007). Generally, a leader’s primary responsibility is to enlist the contribution of his/her subjects to accomplish a common task. Therefore, a leader should possess qualities that help him/her organize, command and realize the objective of the group or organization (Cragg Spurgeon, 2007). A good leader needs to be both proactive and reactive (Gachte, Nosenzo, Renner Sefton, 2008). This means that the leader should think several steps ahead of their subjects, so that they can see problems before they arise and hence develop counter mechanisms for them. This also means that a good leader should be flexible and adaptable, so as to fit into whatever new unexpected or uncomfortable situations. The leader also needs to be initiative- he/she should be the source of ideas and plans that benefit the group (Gachte et al, 2008). Communication is one of the most important pillars in teamwork. Therefore, an exceptional leader is that who knows how to communicate effectively. This entails having good listening skills, asking the right questions as regularly as possible, understanding the subjects’ needs and remitting directions and ideas in the best way possible (Cragg Spurgeon, 2007). A leader who not only values feedback, but also acts according to it is most likely to produce good results (Cragg Spurgeon, 2007). A good leader also needs to display confidence and enthusiasm for his/her job, thus causing the people under to follow in the same spirit. That is an important form of non-verbal communication for a good leader. Although the leader is the most powerful member in a group, the effective leader acknowledges the inputs and efforts of each and every member (Gachte et al, 2008). A good leader will respect all his subjects and treat them without discrimination or favoritism. In the same line, a good leader has an open mind so that they can weigh and consider all possible fruitful options even from junior members. In case a member of the team does well in achieving the groups’ mission, an exceptional leader will recognize and reward them, while motivating others to work even harder (Gachte et al, 2008). A common saying goes, â€Å"a good leader leads by example†. A good leader is not a boss, but a servant with the others. For this reason, a good leader should be resourceful and instrumental in the actual implementation of the organization or team’s tasks (Wills, 1994). Therefore, the leader requires proper skills, training and education to match the duties and responsibilities of the respective leadership position. Moreover, an effective leader should be well-organized, punctual and always ready for his/her duties (Wills, 1994). Authority and leadership are two qualities that are hardly separable. Although a good leader is a servant too, it is impossible to lead without authority over other members of the organization. A good leader understands their power such as to delegate duties, to allow or deny certain actions by the members, to reward or penalize a member, etc. (Wills, 1994). However, a leader should not use the authority vested upon them for their own good, but rather for the good of the whole organization. There are numerous other qualities that characterize a good leader, but the above are some of the basic good leadership traits. As discussed, good leadership revolves around personal endowment effective teamwork- only that the leader should understand place at the top of an organization, group or team. References Cragg, R., Spurgeon, R. (2007). Competencies of a good leader. How To Succeed As A Leader. Ed. By Chambers R Etc. Redclif Publishing, Oxford-Newyork, US, 3340. Gachter, S., Nosenzo, D., Renner, E., Sefton, M. (2008). Who makes a good leader? Social preferences and leading-by-example. Wills, G. (1994). What Makes a Good Leader?. The Atlantic Monthly, 273(4), 6380. Source document

Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training

Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION This chapter will discuss†¦ it will also discuss its public health significance†¦ and also report strengths and limitations of the review. 5.1  Summary and discussion of the evidence: 5.1.1  To what extent was the intervention effective? The overall aim of this study was to investigate the effects of computerized cognitive training aimed at improving cognitive function in individuals at a high risk of developing dementia. The ten trials that have been included in this study are spread widely across different countries. They vary enormously even within each subdomain analysed in terms of sample size, intervention characteristics (overall length of duration, number of training sessions and their frequency) and outcome measures used. Participants were assessed on a number of cognitive outcome measures that were unrelated to the trained tasks, this was necessary to show that cognitive improvement was not task specific as suggested by previous studies (Ball et al. 2002). The results from these ten studies suggest that computerized cognitive training is a promising approach for improving cognitive performance in persons with mild cognitive impairment. Participants showed improvements over a wide variety of neurocognitive o utcome measures, such as memory, attention, executive function, working memory, visuospatial ability, general cognition and speed of processing. Among these cognitive domains the most consistent improvements across all studies were observed in visual and verbal memory, attention, and executive function. Improvements in cognitive outcome measures suggests that individuals with MCI, despite cognitive deficit retain significant amount of neuroplasticity (Rosen et al. 2011) which makes them responsive to cognitive training. These findings are consistent with previous studies that demonstrate positive effects of cognitive training on cognitive performance in individuals with MCI (Brum et al. 2009; Ball et al. 2002; Rapp et al. 2002). Previously it has been suggested that training gains are influenced by the frequency and duration of the intervention (Gates et al. 2011), however, findings show no difference in training effects among studies with longer duration of intervention and those with smaller duration (Rozzini et al. 2007). The inability to conduct a meta-analysis due to heterogeneity of diagnostic criteria, intervention characteristics and outcomes measured made it difficult to precisely identify which cognitive domains benefited the most from the training. It has been pointed out several times over the years that unless accompanied by behavioural, psychological or other changes, changes in cognition let alone are not sufficient to justify a cognitive intervention (Woods, 2006). Out of the ten studies included, five studies assessed behavioural, psychological and everyday functional symptoms apart from neurocognitive outcome measures (Gaitan et al. 2013; Gagnon and Belleville, 2012; Finn and McDonald, 2011; Rozzini et al. 2007; Galante et al. 2007). The findings revealed positive effect of the intervention on some aspects of subjective measures of memory. Depressive symptom scores decreased most consistently. This was followed by reduction in anxiety levels. However, no significant improvements were observed in self-reported activities of daily living or everyday functioning memory. This could be explained by the fact that as individuals were carefully screened out in order to meet criteria for MCI, the participants were not impaired in everyday functional abilities and hence, it was difficult to assess the effect of training in terms of transferability to real world outcomes. No changes in well-being were reported. This is in contrast to the findings by Belleville et al. (2006) which reported positive impact of computerized cognitive training on the participant’s feelings of well-being. This can perhaps be explained by the inclusion of pre-training sessions on stress, self-esteem and imagery that were part of the intervention in their study. Despite the importance of quality of life to patients and caregivers, none of the studies measured quality of life. According to Rozzini et al. (2007) although use of cholinesterase inhibitors has also been associated with reduced depressive symptoms, but computerized cognitive training supersedes pharmacological therapy as no negative or adverse effects of training have been found in participants, contrary to adverse effects and high dropout rates reported in drug tri als in MCI (Clare et al. 2003). 5.1.2  To what extent were the effects maintained after the intervention? Four studies included a follow up assessment ranging between 3 months to a period of 12 months (Gaitan et al. 2013; Herrera et al. 2012; Galante et al. 2007; Rozzini et al. 2007) and one study used a longitudinal design (Valdes et al. 2012) to ascertain if the training gains lasted longer, showed stability over time and hence, could possibly contribute to preventing future cognitive decline. General cognitive function remained stable up to 9 months post training (Galante et al. 2007); recognition, attention and recall improvements were maintained at 6 months (Herrera et al. 2012); executive function (Gaitan et al. 2013), episodic memory and abstract reasoning (Rozzini et al. 2007) showed improvement trends at 12 month follow up; and effects on speed of processing were maintained at 5 years after the end of the training programme (Valdes et al. 2012). Two studies showed reduction in behavioural disturbances such as depression and anxiety (Gaitan et al. 2013; Rozzini et al. 2007) at a 12 month follow up. Evidence suggests that computerized cognitive training is at least effective in slowing or delaying the progression of cognitive decline and onset of dementia. Moreover, it also suggests that if computerized cognitive training show cognitive gains, these improvements are likely to be preserved at follow up. In summary, computerized cognitive training justifies Swaab’s (1991) phrase â€Å"use it or lose it† used to explain the relationship between declining neuronal activity and neurodegeneration. Overall, these results show findings similar to a recent meta-analysis by Li et al. (2011) that showed improved overall cognition, domain specific cognitive improvements and positive training effects on follow up in the intervention group after receiving traditional cognitive training. According to literature, computerized cognitive training has shown to be more effective than traditional cognitive training (Kueider et al. 2012), the results from this study suggest that structured computerized cognitive training produce significantly greater benefits in individuals with MCI as compared to those engaged in cognitively stimulating activities only. Evidence reveals that individuals with MCI that were randomized to intervention group showed larger cognitive gains as compared to active control groups. 5.2  Public health Significance: With the elderly population of the world increasing rapidly, the numbers of older adults suffering from dementia are bound to rise. With 1 in 3 people above 65 years developing dementia, the number of individuals with dementia are projected to be as high as 135.46 million in 2050 (Alzheimer’s Disease International, 2013). Dementia has several devastating consequences. The economic impact of dementia globally is quite alarming. This has diverted attention not only towards the treatment of dementia itself but also towards preventive therapies specifically aimed at individuals with MCI. In 2007, the average cost of care for a patient with Alzheimer’s disease in the United Kingdom was estimated to be around  £29,746 (Alzheimer’s Society, 2008). This makes the principles of disease prevention and health promotion particularly relevant to dementia (Geda, Negash and Petersen, 2011). The prevention of a disease involves the identification of groups that are at high ris k; MCI indeed, is a high risk state for dementia particularly of the Alzheimer’s type (Alzheimer’s Disease International, 2013). Individuals with MCI are identified as high risk groups as they are 3 to 5 times more at risk of developing dementia than those without MCI (Alzheimer’s Society, 2014). As findings from this study reveal that many of the cognitive domains retain effects from as low as 6 months up to 5 years post computerized cognitive training and demonstrate delay in the progression of cognitive impairment. This can have positive implications for public health. This is because according to the Alzheimer’s Society (2007) delaying the progression of cognitive decline and hence onset of dementia merely by 5 years would halve the number of deaths that are directly attributable to dementia. It would also reduce the huge economic costs associated with dementia care borne by the carers and the government. In addition, it would also cut down the costs borne by individuals or their carers as computerized approach itself is a cost effective approach as explained earlier. Growing evidence on the positive effects of computerized cognitive makes it a strong candidate to be on the priority agenda for policy making on tackling dementia in coming years. As demonstrated, much evidence in literature exists highlighting the positive impact of cognitive training on cognitive performance. NICE guidelines (2011) recommend the use of structured cognitively stimulating programmes for individuals with mild to moderate dementia irrespective of the drugs prescribed for the treatment of cognitive symptoms of dementia. Results from this study indicating the potential of computerized cognitive training and other relevant evidence in literature advocates that the use of computerised cognitive training for MCI patients can be included in the clinical practice guidelines. However, for that to be practically useful, there needs to be developed a structured computerised cognitive training service which can be commissioned when needed. Such service should identify in particul ar the software to be used, the duration and frequency of training sessions and sequencing of training sessions. Kueider et al. (2012) highlighted that older adults did not need to be tech savvy in order to complete and benefit from the intervention. Moreover, these findings could have positive implications as contrary to the old belief that older adults may not welcome the idea of using technology; research suggests that older adults in many cases are the fastest growing users of computer and internet technology (Wagner et al. 2010). Moreover, as mentioned earlier, computerized cognitive training offer flexible and personalized approach as the difficulty level can be adjusted according to the user’s performance, hence, keeping it engaging and enjoyable for users. 5.3  Strengths and limitations of the study: The review was undertaken after a thorough search of literature available around the research question. To the author’s knowledge this is the only systematic review to-date that has been conducted on this topic and includes up to date evidence. Another strength of this study is the strict inclusion criteria in terms of study design. Only randomised controlled trials were included in the review. Although there were other relevant studies available having other study designs but according to the Cochrane review guidelines (Higgins and Green, 2011), the author decided to limit the final studies to randomised controlled trials. This helped to decrease bias and increase the methodological quality of the overall review. The author intended to synthesize the results from best available evidence. Although efforts were made to ensure a transparent and reproducible review, a number of caveats need to be mentioned that might have influenced the results. 5.3.1  Time frame: The time frame to conduct a systematic review was extremely limited keeping in view that there was only one researcher carrying out the entire procedure. Maximum time was spent searching through different electronic databases and other sources and reading the abstracts of different articles in an attempt to identify relevant studies. There may be a possibility of selection bias as the selection and screening of studies was done solely by one reviewer. However, in order to minimise such bias, the search and screening of articles was done twice. 5.3.2  Methodological limitations: Across the literature on computerised cognitive training common but notable methodological limitations emerge. One of the general limitations of this systematic review was small sample sizes used in majority of the studies. The small sample sizes led to reduced statistical power which may have obscured the detection of potential differences between the groups. Larger groups could have allowed detecting smaller gains in performance. A second limitation was that several studies lacked an adequate active or placebo control group. Failure to include a proper control group may not only have had an impact on the results but also made interpretation of results difficult as attribution of cognitive benefits could have originated from other sources besides computerized cognitive training. These issues impact on the main aim of the study which was assessing how computerized approaches compare with traditional approaches. Only two studies used an active control group indulged in activities similar to traditional cognitive training (Gaitan et al. 2012; Herrera et al. 2012) making it difficult to directly compare both the approaches. The review supports findings from previous studies (Sitzer et al. 2006) that intervention groups show larger effect sizes when compared to waitlist instead of active control conditions. Several studies reported inclusion of participants receiving pharmacological therapy (Cholinesterase Inhibito rs) raising the possibility that the cognitive gains were not because of the training solely but were a result of the synergistic effect between pharmacological therapy and training. An important limitation of this study was the scarce availability of data for individuals with mild cognitive impairment despite the relatively large time span covered. Furthermore, although most studies used the Petersen’s criteria to diagnose and assess individuals with MCI but modifications in the exact application of this definition existed e.g. the use of MMSE- scores one of the included studies used MMSE scores > 24 () while one study used MMSE scores of 23 (). Additionally the heterogeneity of the outcomes measured across studies made cross-comparison difficult but at the same time highlighted the need of developing robust research designs for cognitive training intervention studies. According to the inclusion criteria, only studies that were randomised controlled trials were to be included. This led to the exclusion of many quasi-experimental studies that were related to the research question and that could have contributed to the results (Talassi et al. 2007; Belleville et al. 2006; Cipriani et al. 2006; Tarraga et al. 2006; Schreiber et al. 1999). 5.3.3 Dual vs Single person data extraction: The Cochrane Collaboration (Higgins and Green, 2011) expects each study included in the review to be data extracted by at least two independent researchers who are blind to the study authors and institution from which the study has been published. This however, was not possible owing to the time limitations and practicality of an MSc degree and therefore, data extraction was carried out by a single reviewer. According to Edwards et al. (2002) study screening and data extraction by two or more researchers increases the reliability and accuracy of the systematic review. 5.3.4  Language limitation: The requirement of studies being published in English language led to the exclusion of two studies deemed relevant by their abstract as the body of text was published in German and Spanish (Ott-Chervet et al. 1998; Fernà ¡ndez-Calvo et al. 2011). Summary: This chapter discussed on the results that were generated in the previous chapter. Computerized cognitive training had positive impact on multiple aspects of cognition, including behavioural and psychological symptoms. The effects of training on multiple outcome measures were retained for as less as 6 months to 5 years after the end of the training programme. This showed that the effects of training were not only immediate but also halted cognitive decline. These findings were extremely important from the public health.

System of cyber warfare

System of cyber warfare Introduction: Could hackers get into the main computer systems that run fundamental elements of the most worlds infrastructure informations? Today its not only possible, but all of that has actually happened before, and plus a lot more we dont even know about. Many believe that cyber war experts could be used to launch a major attack on the nations infrastructure. According to the researchers, other noticeable trends will include greater interest and awareness in continuing cyber war activities going on in the international area, and greater than before use of shade based defenses to help organizations share intelligence and stay ahead of attacks. The country of Chinas hacking and cyber combat capabilities includes that China is likely using its growing computer system operation capability to maintain intelligence gathering against the United States government and industry by conducting a extensive period, complicated computer system operation.[1] I think there are a lot of evidence that shows Chi nese government is using hacking techniques to embezzle United States government and diligence secrets. Also, many of the attacks have come from Russia. Numerous of the cyber attacks are being hosted by Russian state computer main servers. Im going to argue that the water works, electrical power, internet, cyberspace, defense, telecommunications, and transportation is highly vulnerable to cyber attack. There are possible threats to computing facility and the information contained that it is in are to determine the security measurements that should be investigated plus both external and internal threats.[2] Cyber threats can be grouped into deliberate threats, accidental threats, and natural disasters such as water and fire. It is because of natural disasters have typically been very critical and likewise expensive, there are computing main centers security budget is geared to prevent and recover from a huge devastating natural disasters.[3] One of the reason why water resource will be in great damage is because due to fire sprinklers. Thousands of firefighters can be more damaging than the fire itself. Since the main computer circuits and magnetic storage media are not even near the fire so it may be damaged too. Not only that but the other sources of water damage may come from many tropical storms such as floods. It will cause danger activities of the firefighter on higher floors, leakage in the main computers water cooling system, sewers backing, broken pipes, and many more. But on the other hand, there are other natural calamities that may occur to computing centers include sandblasting near air conditioning intakes, gas or chemicals, lightning, war, aircraft crashes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and explosions.[4] The sprinkler systems are often the second line of defense. If a sprinkler system is to be used, there should be at least a delay between the alarm and the water so that the equipment can be powered down and the fire can be put out by hand held equipment. Energy Electrical Power and Grids: Second reason why there is a greater chance on cyber attack is the electrical power. There are various sectors of critical infrastructure sectors have unique types of location, structure, and facilities. Consequently, all the information that is potentially responsive will vary by sites, by sector and among similar sites in various locations. Energy sectors such as electrical power systems are very complex networks composed of the transmission, generation, control, and support networks. In which case, they will work together to supply electricity to end users. But overall, the national electrical power grid is an enormously organized and active system. There is numerous major electrical power generation sources that are petroleum, gas, hydroelectric, nuclear, and coal.[5] They are the control networks that are information control points that regular the overall system operations. Also, they support the networks that provide resources and information that the other networks need to op erate. I think that there are possible vulnerabilities of the energy sector that may vary drastically with regard to possible contact within and outside its systems. Vulnerabilities exist in terms of both objective and cyber attacks. In general, the targets of potential highest value are those located in populated country or urban areas where attacks will generate the maximum prospective impact In addition, the energy sector facilities that contain hazardous materials, of which there are many, could also prove vulnerable target.[6] Many of these targets meeting with great criteria should be considered highly vulnerable. The Internet: Information system like the Internet are very defenseless to cyber attack, as evidenced by the quickly rising number of system intrusions. Well the focus here is on the criminal violators, including terrorists who seek to attack and destroy elements of society. A different, and potentially more severe, threat is where the attacker is a sovereign state. That class of attack, constituting what is called information warfare, is beyond the scope of the discussion here and of the Draft International Convention.[7] The Internet provides the basis for the global information infrastructure and it gradually more provides connectivity for a wide range of other infrastructures. The Internet is governed through the voluntary actions of the technical people who expand and extend its functionality. Many internet are basically running on the basis of network protocols, agreements on how information should appear in a message, how that information is to interpreted and the format of that message.[8] There are strong arguments for imposing liability on Internet Service Providers for violations of cyber security and they can track the four core intuitions outlined in the previous section.[9] Some people say that individuals who originate malicious computer code are typically far beyond the reach of conventional law. Well for one thing, they are very hard to identify. So saboteurs use the Internets topology to conceal their tracks by routing messages through a convoluted path that is difficult for authorities to uncover. Moreover, by the time a computer virus or a worm is detected, the trail often is cold or loss. Even if the attackers were caught, the individuals who create malicious computer code rarely have to sufficient assets to pay for the losses they impose.[10] Moreover, careless firms and users would typically not be that hard to track down. I think the only sense in which these bad attackers are beyond the reach of law is the practical concern about the costs of identifying and suing them as compared to the fraction of the damages for which they might be held legally responsible. Cyber Space: One thing is that the rise of cyberspace has greatly facilitated all kinds of activity including governmental interaction, commercial, and social. There is no doubt that cyberspace today constitutes expensive real estate indeed. They have also running scared control of many real world processes through cyberspace. Because of this increased value, the security of cyberspace has grown in importance. The rise of terrorism as one of the type of symmetric and distributed ware, has threaten not only the gains derived from cyberspace but the activities that now come to depend on communication through cyberspace infrastructure.[11] There are obvious problems in making detailed recommendations about the United States government role in critical infrastructure protection in general, and in dealing with the powerful threats posed by cyber warfare and cyber terrorism in particular. Also it is very clear that the U.S. has made substantial progress in defining policies and strategies for dealing with the new threats to its critical infrastructure. At the same time, there is a disturbing gap between the military focus on asymmetric ware fare and civil focus on cyber crime and cyber terrorism. Well for me, the only way for a success is ultimately be for the U.S. government to focus on only those threats that truly being threaten the nation.[12] Cyber war is a case in point, as is high level cyber terrorism. So they are efforts to create effective international cooperation in limiting all forms of cyber attacks. United States Defense Infrastructure: Another reason why is the disconnecting between cyber defense and cyber offense. There is also a clear disconnect between the efforts in the United States to plan offensive cyber warfare and efforts at cyber defense. Many defenders also assert that technology in favors the attackers, prevents attribution, and makes counteroffensive difficult or impossible.[13] I believe that the United States military and defense officials involved in information warfare and planning and executing cyber war have divided views. I feel that those people who directly involved in cyber offense generally seem to feel that carrying out a successful major cyber attack is far more difficult than those outside the national security arena recognize. This disconnect between defense and offense illustrates a basic problem underlying both any unclassified analysis of cyber threats and their impact on homeland defense.[14] In the book Mapping the Risk: Assessing the Homeland Security Implications of Publicly Available Geospatial Information, Anthony quoted: For potential attackers, such as terrorist groups, seeking to cause casualties or economic disruption, the United States is a target-rich-environment. Many critical sites are relatively vulnerable to various types of attacks involving conventional explosives, weapons of mass destruction, or unconventional means of attack, such as aircraft crashes.[15] To improve the protection of the most critical facilities and location within the U.S. Homeland, the federal government is pursuing a comprehensive national approach to their physical and cyber protection in partnership with state and local governments and the private sector. Telecommunication: In Hong Kong, computer crimes are as a rule, governed under the Telecommunications Ordinance. Under Hong Kong law, offenses against e-mail, damage and destruction, computer fraud, and theft of electronic data are all criminal offenses.[16] Abraham argue that in the Peoples Republic of China, all computer related crimes are covered by Articles 258-287 of the Criminal Code.[17] He also mention that if they illegally interfering in the operation of a computer system, they will be punish by a minimum sentence of five years in prison. The legislatures of Western and Central European countries have been active in promulgating laws prohibiting unauthorized access, computer sabotage, computer espionage data manipulation, and computer fraud.[18] This shows that one area in which the national laws of European countries are significantly in agreement is that of computer sabotage, which encompasses purposeful damage to the integrity of computers, computer afforded to computer stored data among the criminal laws of European states. Throughout this paper we have seen or believed that the United States is vulnerable to various types of information cyber warfare attacks. Many threats that are range from nuisance attacks by hackers to those potentially putting national security at risk. Critical command and control and intelligence systems are designed to be robust and secure under attack. We see that our cyber security is a leading national problem for which the market may fail to produce a solution. Much has been said about the threat posed by worldwide cyber crime, but little has been down to protect against it. All they need to do is to meet challenge immediate and compelling necessity. Bibliography Anderson, H. Robert. Feldman, M Phillip. Gerwehr, SCott. Houghton, Brian. Mesic, Richard. John, D. Pinder. Jeff, Rothenberg. Chiesa, James. Securing the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure: A Proposed Approach. National Defense Research Institue. Washington D.C. 1999. Baker, C. John. Lachman, E. Beth. Frelinger, R. David. OConnell, M. Kevin. Hou, C. Alexander. Tseng, S. Michael. Orletsky, David. Yost, Charles. Mapping the Risks: Assissing the Homeland Security Implications of Publicly Available Geospatial Information. RAND Corporation. 2004. Cordesman, H. Anthony. Cordesman, G. Justin. Cyber-Threats, Information Warfare, and Critical Infrastructure Protection: Defending the U.S. Homeland. Praeger. Connecticut. 2002. Grady, F. Mark. Parisi, Francesco. The Law and Economics of Cyber Security. Cambridge University Press. New York. 2006. McMillian, Robert. IDG News Service. PCWorld. October 27, 2009. March 15, 2010. http://www.pcworld.com/article/174210/report_says_china_ready_for_cyberwar_espionage.html. Sofaer, D. Abraham. Goodman, E. Seymour. The Transnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and Terrorism. Hoover Institution Press Publication. California. 2001. Walker, J. Bruce. Blake, F. Ian. Computer Security and Protection Structures. Dowden Hutchinson Ross, Inc. Pennsylvania. 1977. McMillian, Robert. IDG News Service. PCWorld. October 27, 2009. March 15, 2010. http://www.pcworld.com/article/174210/report_says_china_ready_for_cyberwar_espionage.html. Walker, J. Bruce. Blake, F. Ian. Computer Security and Protection Structures. Dowden Hutchinson Ross, Inc. Pennsylvania. 1977.p.1. Walker. Ibid., p. 1. Walker. Ibid., p. 2. Baker, C. John. Lachman, E. Beth. Frelinger, R. David. OConnell, M. Kevin. Hou, C. Alexander. Tseng, S. Michael. Orletsky, David. Yost, Charles. Mapping the Risks: Assissing the Homeland Security Implications of Publicly Available Geospatial Information. RAND Corporation. 2004., p.184. Baker, Ibid., p. 185 . Sofaer, D. Abraham. Goodman, E. Seymour. The Transnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and Terrorism. Hoover Institution Press Publication. California. 2001., p.126. Sofaer. Ibid., p. 127 Grady, F. Mark. Parisi, Francesco. The Law and Economics of Cyber Security. Cambridge University Press. New York. 2006. p.232. Grady. Ibid., p.234. Grady. Ibid., p.259. Cordesman, H. Anthony. Cordesman, G. Justin. Cyber-Threats, Information Warfare, and Critical Infrastructure Protection: Defending the U.S. Homeland. Praeger. Connecticut. 2002. p.179. Cordesman. Ibid., p.3. Cordesman. Ibid., p.3. Cordesman. Ibid., p.180. Sofaer, D. Abraham. Goodman, E. Seymour. The Transnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and Terrorism. Hoover Institution Press Publication. California. 2001. p.44. Cordesman. Ibid., p.44. Cordesman. Ibid., p.45.

Following Janies Developement in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay ex

People grow and develop at different rates. The factors that heavily influence a person's growth are heredity and environment. The people you meet and the experiences you have are very important in what makes a person who he/she is. Janie develops as a woman with the three marriages she has. In each marriage she learns precious lessons, has increasingly better relationships, and realizes how a person is to live his/her life. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, Janie's marriages to Logan Killicks, Jody Starks, and Tea Cake are the most vital elements in her growth as a woman. Janie's marriage to Logan Killicks was the first stage in her growth as a woman. She hoped that her obligatory marriage with Logan would end her solitude and desire for love. Right from the beginning, the solitude in the marriage shows up when Janie sees that his house is a "lonesome place like a stump in the middle of the woods where nobody had ever been" (20). This description of Logan's house is symbolic of the relationship they have. Janie eventually admits to Nanny that she still...

TV violence :: essays research papers fc

A beautiful young girl is found dead, blood all over her face, wrapped in a plastic garbage bag. A mill goes up in flames, trapping two people who were lured there by the killer who hopes they burn to cinders. The bullet-ridden body of a detective lies on the floor, the deed done by a mysterious killer. A purported drug dealer is strangled to death; his body flailing and contorted with pain. Two people commit a brutal rape and leave the victim for dead. Why the fascination with violence? The Amount of Violence on Television According to the renowned psychiatrist Karl Menninger, " We not only tolerate violence it is part of our life. Why over one third of our television programs use it for amusement. There are more than 200 million television sets in America. The average American watches over seven hours a day. For many children, this is more time than they spend in school. The world of television has been alternatively called entertainment and a vast wasteland. It serves as a model of the world around us. What kind of world does it depict? The message is often one of violence. In 1973, the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania, devised a "violence profile" to measure the amount of violence shown on television. The analysts watched over 33 hours of entertainment programs in a sample week and monitored specific acts of violence. The results indicated that some violence was contained in 70 percent of the programs! The violence could be categorized into three types: - Violence for its own sake - Overtly graphic views of brutality and human suffering - The portrayal of anti-social behavior Later studies found that even shows specifically geared towards children have violence in them. Cartoons averaged eight episodes of violence a show. The Effect of Television Violence on Children What effect does television have? Television acts as a cross-cultural influence cutting across nationalities and class. It gives people with different values and background common information. Because of the immediacy of the message, it is often seen as another member of the family. What a person sees in terms of images is bound to have an impact on their beliefs and attitudes. Concern about violence on television began in the earliest days of the medium in the late 1940's. Killings and violence were staples of the early television shows, which featured cowboys and Indians, cops and robbers, detectives and murders.

William Blakes The Tyger Essay -- William Blake Tyger Essays

William Blake's The Tyger In â€Å"The Tyger,† William Blake uses meter and rhyme to enhance both the meaning and the rhythm of his piece. The chanting nature is reinforced by frequent end-stop and catalectic endings for the lines. By melding these devices, Blake has managed to create a powerful poem – hidden in the casual style of a nursery rhyme. The meter of â€Å"The Tyger† is mostly trochaic tetrameter (four feet per line; stressed-unstressed). Or trochaic three-and-a-half meter, really – Blake uses a catalectic ending (the dropping of the last unstressed syllable) on every trochaic line. This, along with the insertion of several iambic tetrameter lines, allows every end syllable to be stressed – thus forming a forceful beat to the poem, reminiscent of the tiger’s power. The set beat goes along with the words of the first stanza to create an image of a tiger prowling steadily through the dark forest. Blake uses this chanting, plodding rhythm as an almost musical backdrop for the reading of his poem – where he varies, it simply adds to the harmony. The first instance of iambic tetrameter occurs in the first stanza’s last line. Personally, I think Blake switched meters for that line in order to draw attention to that particular line, and place more emphasis on the first (and pervading) question of the poem. That line is the first to be non-catalectic, and, as a result, seems more complete – which is supported by the meaning of the line. The speaker is wondering what higher power could possibly have created the tiger; in speaking of a higher power, it seems only natural that that line should somehow bigger than the others, and have more weight or emphasis. Blake uses the same idea in the fifth stanza, where both ... ...to folded steel, he personifies the stars, who â€Å"water’d heaven with their tears† – presumably at the beauty and power of the tiger. This lends majesty to both that which brought them to tears – God – and that which received the tears – the tiger. The stars give the reader almost an ‘outside’ perspective on the tiger; Blake uses them in order to show what others feel for its majesty, which reflects into what conclusions the reader will draw about the subject. Through his meter and techniques, Blake well manages to enforce a chanting rhythm and powerful voice. Demanding questions and vivid images belie the simple nature of his end rhyme – which turns out to be not simple at all, but to explore a deep, driving question. (All while alluding to his previous work.) â€Å"The Tyger,† upon close inspection, is shown to both sophisticated and complicated in its methods.

12 Angry Men: Emotion Essay

Emotions have significant role in the film 12 Angry Men when the jurors have to come to a decision about whether the boy is guilty or not. The different emotions shown by the jurors hinderstheir perspective and judgements on the case as well as towards the testimonies from the witnesses taken during the trial. Juror #3 was firm and determined that the boy was guilty. He had a powerful hatred towards teens in general after having past experiences with his own son. This makes him look past all the evidence built against the claim that he is guilty. For example, he refused to believe the doubt towards the testimony of the old man. As per the testimony the old man heard the boy yell â€Å"I’m gonna kill you† as well as heard a body hit the floor a split second later. After discussing in detail it comes into consideration that there could have been no way for the old man to hear anything as the el train would have been roaring past his window. As described by Juror #8 one is unable to hear their own thoughts with the unbearable noise of the el train. This clearly brings the old man’s testimony into doubt. Juror #3 is still persistent and stubborn to believe the truth that is being set in front of him solely because of his anger and hatred towards teens. See more:  Mark Twain’s Humorous Satire in Running for Governor Essay In contrast, Juror #2 is new to the juror and hence very happy and excited about the case. When he gets the opportunity to talk about the case, he is very open towards any argument that is being made. He thinks logically of every piece of evidence that was not bought in court and makes his decisions regarding that. Therefore with a very unprejudiced happy mind his ability to think logically and reasonably about the case comes into practice. This is how different jurors come to different conclusions through their emotions in the movie 12 Angry Men.

Health And Safety Essay

The cr makeing(prenominal) accountability or Accountability for health and seriousty lies with the societys perpetrate membersThe brass instrument chart of the affair identifies the signalize positions of throng who atomic number 18 chronicleable to the leave Members for ensuring that the detailed arrangements for go onive puzzle asideing atomic number 18 drawn up, apply and keep opened.DUTIES nous executiveThe role of the headland executive is to discharge leadership on health and sentry duty matters and policies.Specific duties arto witness that the health and rubber eraser insurance policy, organisation and arrangements atomic number 18 reappraisaled, unbroken up-to-date, under(a)stood by employees, and rough-and-readyly implemented to discover exercise standards for health and re pass every over argon set and remindered to monitor accomplishment and initiate restorative action where undeniable to ready with rung in reviewing, insp ecting and change f and so forthtera clays with the objective of improving wellness and unspoilt performance and to mark investigations of happens and incidents booster cable to (or could have potenti both(prenominal)y lead to) combat injury, terms or loss be under carry onn and disciplinal / preventive actions argon under run inton. health & golosh policemanThe role of the health & asylum advisor is to exit support to both(prenominal) of the tribal chief decision maker on wellness and base hit matters and policies.Specific duties arto memo approach each employee and caster as requirement in the avoidance of hazards and in the gumshoe performance of their turn tail to encounter that circumstance health and pencil eraser regulations be detect to experience employees sympathize this policy and organisation (including their own responsibilities) and succeed with the arrangements to continu whollyy review and inspect the expound and equipment to go through shaky designingates in the event of an incident to throng every immediate action directed to deal with the situation and to consult with ply and implement improvements or changes requisite to eliminate hazards and remove the ca mortalas of cam strokes, impairment and loss. to pick out, consult, communicate and monitor 3rd parties, in particular contractors whilst operating(a) on RDACs site.EmployeesSpecific duties arto carry forbidden their mould safely in the interest of themselves and early(a) employees to understand and follow precaution mathematical exhibits, standards and systems of impart to cut across unsafe find surfaces and galosh concerns so that corrective action nonify be interpreted to impart knowledge and experience on safe functional practices to other(a)s and to support the health and golosh ships officer and mind executive in order to achieve and maintain the highest standards at heart the fields of health and sen try duty.The capital responsibility for individualal caoutchouc lies with the case-by-case, and the metier of this policy, arraignments and perspicacity depends on the wholehearted cooperation of both employee. in in all in all individual actions mustiness(prenominal) constantly reflect safety aw atomic number 18ness and personnel should always fetch with the safety of themselves and their fellow employees in mind. direction of health & gumshoe sentry go Audits & InspectionsThe performance of an annual health and pencil eraser take stock get out be the responsibility of the political boss executive director and wellness and gumshoe officer and entrust consist of an in-depth examination of all the bon ton activities andpremises. The safety audit lead subject each atomic number 18a of the Comp either(prenominal)(prenominal)s activities to a systematic decisive examination with the object of minimising loss. Every particle of the total system impart be involved e.g. focussing policy, attitudes, grooming, features of the premises (the convention and layout of atomic number 18as, rooms etcetera, taking into custody ends and appendages, slash reposes etc. The audit testament aim to suck up the weaknesses and strengths, and the main areas of vulnerability or correct on the line. hazard AssessmentIn accord with the vigilance of health and safety at make up Regulations 1999, the association volition carry out take a chance judgements of all activities that present a try to employees or others. These fortune judgments go forth be carried out in rip with wellness & safety device executive director focal point, and the procedure for doing so is as follows1. depict the probatory hazards involved in our activity.2. Decide who skill be harmed and how.3. Evaluate the level of gamble of picture show and decide if breathing precautions are sufficient, or if to a greater extent indispensabilitys to be d one.4. move into the noteworthy findings of the judgment.5. polish the ratement when things change, or on that point is reason to believe that it is no longer valid. The endangerment estimations forgetIdentify what the hazards are and identify the people who expertness be harmed by the hazard dis value insignificant venturesEvaluate the risks from the identify hazards watch all aspects of the take to the woods activity are reviewed, including routine and non-routine activities and operations betroth into placard whatsoever existing witness measuresTake describe of the way in which the piece of drub is organized, and the effects this can have on health Take account of the risks to the usualTake account of the need to screening finish risksIdentify the occlusive of eon which it depart be valid for alter us to prioritise remedial actions adventure judgings depart be encountern by the wellness and galosh Officer and Representatives at both sites currently personad, with supporter from our advisors, B.I.G. business line Services. dynamical put on the line AssessmentsDynamic risk assessment is a continuous process of identifying hazards. The risk is assessed and action taken to eliminate or deoxidise risk. Dynamic risk assessment adjudge be applied in a changing environment. The dynamic assessment depart be conducted by the relevant able person managing the activity. The mouldmanlike person must halt the operation is believed the risk outweighs the stamp down measures applied. The Managing Directors are prudent to arrest efficient people have been expert in dynamic risk assessing/hazard awareness. Safe Systems of landThe conjunction volitioning forget written safe systems of prune for all operations and tasks where on that point is a significant risk of injury where on that point is clearly an identifiable need to declare the safe and correct way of doing the elaborate and where, in spite of all sensitive oblige measures cosmos implemented, significant risk remains. Employees go away be instructed in the safe system of bleed, as leave, and a express of competency kept. Specific ResponsibilitiesThe Managing Directors and the Office theater director leave alone identify all such(prenominal)(prenominal) processes and be after activities within the comp eachs area of responsibility and realize that commensurate written systems are produced, employees develop and records kept. entirely Employees must observe and understand the system of plow at all measure answer foring each circumstances which prevents concord or undermines its effectiveness to their immediate executive program or line do itr. Monitoring health & Safety PerformanceIn regain to the reactive monitoring of accidents/ill-health, the union testamenting in some(prenominal) case carry out proactive monitoring of wellness and Safety performance. To obstructor our on the job(p) stipulations, and project our safe bringing practices are being followed, The Managing Directors along with B.I.G contrast Services wellness and Safety adviser (where infallible) provide conduct routine inspections of the piece of call on and review the effectiveness of our risk assessment and work practices. Consultation with EmployeesThe order allow consult with its employees in consent with the wellness and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996. Consultation withemployees pull up stakes be provided direct to individuals as requisite. Health & Safety AdviceIn accordance with the Management of Health and Safety at land Regulations 1999, the guild has access to competent Health & Safety advice. This advice is available from B.I.G. commerce ServicesTel 0845 2626260 electronic mailinfobigbusiness function.comQualifications in Health & Safety includeChartered Member of the set up of Occupational Safety and Health (CMIOSH) incorporated Member of the International Insti tute of Risk and Safety Management (MIIRSM) NEBOSH Level 6 Diploma in Occupational Health & SafetyMember of the Institute of environmental Management and Assessment selective cultivation, Instruction, Training and supervisingThe bon ton impart provide equal entropy, instruction, education and superintendence to employees in accordance with the general duties on employers under plane section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. chip 1974 and associated regulations. both employees including whatsoever(prenominal) fugitive and casual proles go forth be provided with discipline on every risks relevant to their particular activity and work area. all told knowledge, instruction and cultivation tending(p) to employees, temporary and casual workers will be recorded on individual facts of life records. In certain instances, employees will be asked to sign to settle receipt or understanding of the fosterage. Training and Instruction stimulus generalization homework for all new employees, temporary and casual workers is the responsibility of the straits executive. credit line detail training and instruction will be identified, arranged and monitored by the principal administrator. The Health and Safety component of generalization training will contain the interest Health and Safety Policy casualty reporting / first aid procedures empty precautions and procedures, including our emergency plan Introductionto safety statute law the Employee will be introduced to the legislation that applies to our caller and the study, e.g. Electricity and Manual discourse. The super slew of trainees will be arranged, undertaken and monitored by the headspring executive and Health and Safety Officer. InformationThe Health and Safety Law information is ostentationed within both of the premises on confront health and safety scar boards. A copy of the Employers Liability damages certificate is displayed within the offices on dedicated health and sa fety nonice boards. oversight & ManagementTraining at all levels is incumbent to crack that responsibilities are cognize and the organisations policy is carried out. dis fuddled points to cover in the training of supervisors and handlers are The organisations safety policy or programmeLegal modelling and duties of the organisation, its management and the workforce Specific laws and rules applicable to the studySafety inspection techniques and requirements agent and consequences of accidents and their reporting, save and investigation Basic accident prevention techniquesDisciplinary procedure and occupation throw of hazards in the workplace and use of personal protective equipment Techniques for motivating employees to cognize and respond to organisational goals in Health and Safety. specialize trainingSpecialised Health and Safety training will be require to cover both legal requirements and others necessary for the safe running of the organisation, for grammatical ca se scratch line aid, taking into account the genius of the work and the size of the organisation Manual Handling office of go over-fighting appliances such as extinguishers and send away awareness. Reinforcement or Refresher trainingReinforcement or refresher training will be required at appropriate intervals. These requirements will depend on the out seeded player of observation of the workforce, i.e. during a training needs assessment. Factors to betaken into account are the complexity of the information to be held by the employee, and the amount of practice required and the opportunity for practice in the conventionalism working requirement. Assessment will in any case be required of the plausibly cogency of the consequences of behaviour that does not match training objectives.The Managing Directors will ensure the by-line procedure will be followed Arrange for the demonstration training to be given to all staff Comprehensive and relevant information will be provided to the employee in respect of risks to his / her Health and Safety and on arrest and protective measures Information will be provided on the come withs emergency arrangements, including staff nominated to help if there is an evacuation Ensure that the employee understands all the information provided to them and that they have the opportunity to ask any questions in relation to the training later a capable length of time the training should be followed up with the employee to assess its effectiveness and to correct any misunderstandings. alone(predicate) WorkingA lone worker is a person who works where there are no other members of staff present on the uniform al-Qaida at the same time and without close or direct supervision in a wide variety of situations. This could include being off-site or immaterial a construct. Lone workers should not be at more risk than other employees, although such activities whitethorn require peculiar(a) risk apply measures. Precautions should ta ke account of normal work and foreseeable emergencies, e.g. unload, equipment failure, unwellness and accidents. The Health and Safety Officer along with B.I.G Business Services Health and Safety Consultant (where applicable) shall identify situations where people work alone and ensure site specific assessments are dis supercharged where required. Lone Workers identified are liable for Taking rational care to look after their own Health and Safety Co-operating and complying with any have got measures knowing to eliminate or reduce the risk of lone working. Safeguarding the Health and Safety of other people pertained by their work Participating in training designed to meet the requirements of the Health and Safety policies and proceduresOperating authorised equipment in accordance with relevant safety instructions and any training they have been given describe any dangers or identified areas of risk as soon as practical to an appropriate manager. This will include any accide nts, or incidents that could have given rise to an accident Notifying their manager, at the first opportunity, of any change in their ability to undertake their role, including any adverse medical examination conditions. Employees requiring advice or who have concerns regarding lone working can assay advice from the fellowships Health and Safety Officer who will, if necessary, arrange medical specializer advice and assistant to determine the appropriate course of action to eliminate or control the risk factors Working TimeIt is the partnership policy to eliminate the need for employees to work excessive hours without appropriate breaks. The following will be providedEmployees will be provided an incessant break of 20 minutes every 6 hours worked during the working day. Young Workers, under 18 old age of age will be provided an uninterrupted break of 30 minutes every 4.5 hours worked during the working day. Employees will be provided with a rest distri barelyor point of 11 nonparallel hours rest in each 24 hour period Young Workers, under 18 years of age will be provided with a rest period of 12 consecutive hours rest in each 24 hour period An Employee will be provided with one day off a week this can be averaged over 2 weeks Young Workers, under 18 years of age will be provided with 2 day off a week this cannot be averaged over 2 weeks A record of working hours will be kept and averages of defined 17 week periods will be retained by the Office Manager. Excessive work is defined in excess of 48 hours. Fitness for WorkIf an Employee has a medical condition that could affect their fitness for work, that Employee must inform the headsman Executive of the likely bear on of the medical condition on their fitness for work. The Employee is not obliged to let out confidential medical information, however the political party will, where necessary, confer with relevant external experts to confirm whether a Fitness for Work plan is required. whatever per son taking overconfident medication must seek the advice of their desexualize before working, written evidence of their fitness to work whilst taking the medicates may be required and held bythe old geezer Executive. data ProtectionThe tribal chief Executive will ensure the accompany will comply with the Data Protection Act 1998, when recording accidents. Individual record sheets will be removed and stored securely (keeping personal information confidential). Civil ClaimsThe corporation will ensure claims for compensation for injury or damage suffered are handled correctly. Claims for compensation must be declare within 21 days. thusly it is important that any claim (and ensuant correspondence received) is notified to the point Executive and acknowledged without delay. Where the claim is verbal, ask the person devising the claim to put their comments in make-up and forward to the Chief Executive as well make a note of any verbal comments and forward in the same behavio r. Employees are not to take on in conversation regarding the claim and should never reconcile liability. If necessary, explain that the matter has been referred to the Chief Executive in accordance with procedures Managing ContractorsThe follow recognises that it owes a duty to contractors as well as employees, as stipulated by the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 Section 3 and the Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999. The fellowship will ensure that only competent contractors are selected. either Contractors working on the Companys behalf are assessed to ensure that they are competent and have sufficient and adequate Health and Safety arrangements in place to provide safe working practices and control of all significant hazards that may be introduced by their work. The natural selection and assessment of the competency of contractors is the responsibility of the Chief Executive and Health and Safety Officer (assistance will be provided if necessary by B.I.G Business Services Health and Safety Consultant. Selected contractors must be able to demonstrate that they are experienced and competent to carry out the required works with regulations and accepted safety standards. Before a contract is awarded an overview of the stead of the tenderers Health and Safety management systems must be obtained by reviewing the following documents A completed contractor selection questionnaireRelevant risk assessments and method statements for the work to be undertaken Supportive evidence of competenceThe Chief Executive must take into consideration all factors when selecting the contractor for the work. The represent of the works is not be the fillet of sole factor in contractor selection. The pre-selection of any contractors will take into account Health and Safety requirements when selecting and approving contractors to work for the Company, ensuring contractors Work safely, without endangering themselves or any other people Comply with the Companys Health and Safety requirementsOnly employ competent staff who have been adequately trained Only employ competent sub-contractors, who are adequately managed Have adequate resources to manage Health and Safety satisfactorily The Chief Executive may not engage any contractors to provide any servings for the Company unless the Health and Safety questions in the contractor selection questionnaire have been answered satisfactorily. No contractor will be positive if they fail to provide adequate risk assessments and method statements for the proposed work. Once ratified, the Chief Executive is responsibility for ensuring contractors working on our premises are briefed on our safety rules and superintend to ensure they work in an approved and safe manner. any problems/hazards arising from the activities of contractors should be inform to the Chief Executive respectively.The Chief Executive is creditworthy for the management and co-ordination of all Company contracts involv ing building works, engineering service, refurbishment and concern works. Health and Safety considerations will be included from the start when planning work to be carried out by contractors ensuring responsible for ensuring that Health and Safety issues are adequately addressed. The Chief Executive is responsible for ascertain the Health and Safety implications of the planned work setting the criteria by which the contractors will be judged which includes the minimum Health and Safety standards that must be met Identifying when the planned work is cover by the Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 2007 Seeking advice and guidance as necessary. Drugs, Alcohol and SmokingThe Company will take all sensitive step to ensure the Health and Safety of employees at work is not put at risk by smoking, alcohol, drug or substance step recognizing the affects of health, safety and welfare to the user and potential impact on work colleagues and the business. The Company thus oper ates a policy which ensures that employees health and performance is not impaired at any time they are on Company premises. The Disciplinary occasion will be followed in any case where an employee is form to disregard this Policy and/or to be under the influence of or in possession of any alcohol or illegal substance whilst at work or on Company premises. The Company will encourage employees with drug or alcohol abuse or addiction problems to seek help and treatment voluntarily through their own GP. Employees who suspect an employee to be suffering from drug or alcohol problems will refer the individual to the Chief Executive who will assist them in finding advice and treatment. In certain circumstances, disciplinal action may be taken against employees who fail to accept or co-operate with a course of treatment. ViolenceThe Company will take all well-founded locomote to ensure the Health and Safety of employees at work is not put at risk by cutthroat, abusive or aggressive b ehaviour go alongring in the work place. The Company recognises that verbal and physical abuse at work can affect the health, safety and welfare of the victim and can have an impact on work colleagues and the business. The Company therefore operates a naught tolerance policy which ensures that people on Company premises are not put at risk of boss about in any form. The Disciplinary Procedure will be followed in any case where an employee is found to be displaying violent or aggressive behaviour towards any person on the Companys premises. The Chief Executive and Health and Safety Officer will endeavor to provide sufficient information, instruction and training to ensure the Health and Safety of persons on Company premises is not threatened by violent, abusive or aggressive fashion by Company employees. Premises authorization of Asbestos Containing MaterialsIn conjunction with the Landlord, the Company will assess and control healthrisks from photo to asbestos in accordance wi th the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 to specially prevent employees from photograph to asbestos and asbestos containing materials (ACMs).To achieve this, the Chief Executive and Landlord are responsible to ensure That reasonable steps are taken, with the assistance from accredited specialists, to determine the location and condition of materials likely to contain asbestos A record of the location and condition of the ACMs or presumed ACMs in our offices is make Assess the risk of the likeliness of anyone being exposed to fibres from these materials Prepare a plan setting out how the risks from the materials are to be managed Take the necessary steps to put the plan into actionReview and monitor the plan periodically house information on the location and condition of the materials to anyone who is liable to work on or disturb them.Should the situation arise, approval for any necessary action to remove asbestos containing materials will be given by the permit Agent who is t o appoint specialist advisors and commissioned contractors competent in handling and disposing of such doubtful materials.Plant and Equipment MaintenanceThe responsibility for identifying all build and fixed installations and ensuring effective maintenance procedures are drawn up and implemented is that of the Chief Executive. To achieve well-timed(a) and able pre-planned maintenance, repair and refurbishment schedules Chief Executive will appoint competent contractors to assist the Company. portable Electrical EquipmentPortable electric appliances are tested by an external engineer at selected intervals in accordance with HSE guidance. Notwithstanding this general inspection/test programme, very high physical exertion common use facilities (i.e. kettles, microwave ovens) are inspected/tested every 12 months and replaced as necessary to ensure high standards of purvey and electrical safety is keep for all employees. Fixed Electrical SystemsThe fixed electrical installations throughout the premises is inspected and tested by a competent NICEIC registered contractor. The Chief Executive will arrange for the electrical systems faithfulness and safety to be inspected and retested every 5 years via they workforce. Gas SystemsThe Chief Executive will appoint a competent Gas Safety registered contractor to service and maintain all splatter systems throughout the premise. The contract will ensure that all gas systems are serviced annually and gas safety certificates held on file promptly available for examination on request. Defects and ProblemsIt is recognise that even with the best pre-planned maintenance programmes, problems and defects with plant and equipment will occur from time to time. Accordingly, any problems with plant or equipment should be account in the first instance to the Chief Executive or Health and Safety Officer Welfare FacilitiesThe Company is perpetrate to providing suitable and sufficient welfare facilities to employees, in accord ance with the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992. fitting numbers of clean toilets, washing and shower down facilities are provided for the number of staff and visitors required to use them. Toilet paper, hot/ sparge-covered water, soap and means for drying hands will always be available. In addition, inebriation water and a means to prepare hot drinks and food is provided in the Kitchen. To ensure that a high standard of cleanliness and level-headed hygiene is kept up(p), the facilities are cleaned. Notwithstanding this planned cleaning programme, any employee who has concerns with the standard of cleanliness and hygiene should report the matter to their appropriate manager who will investigate and advice accordingly. Access and come forwardThe Company is act to providing a safe place of work and a safe means of access and protrude within all parts of our workplace, which includes movement in and out of the workplace. Access and egress includes all o f the followingAccess to and egress from the workplaceRoutes through working areasAccessibility of retention areasAccess to and egress from an individuals workplaceEmergency exit routesAny temporary arrangements for accessExternal pathways and roadways around the workplaceThe Chief Executive and Health and Safety Officer with assistance from B.I.G Business Services Health and Safety Consultant (where applicable) will ensure risk assessments are completed to identify that The workplace shall be organised to ensure pedestrians can parcel out in a safe manner All articles or substances do not impede safe access and egress at the workplace and that objects which may strangle safe movement within the workplace are removed immediately Any access restrictions are adhered to so that suitable and safe arrangements for work in confined places and other areas of high risk are guaranteed Objects are not stored in walkways or precariously on top of cabinets / shelves All work equipment when not in use must be stored in its designated store area swash items shall not be furnished to accumulate in walkways and floor surfaces shall be capable of being kept sufficiently clean and cleaned as appropriateAll access equipment is on a regular basis inspected to ensure that it is maintained in a safe condition Formalised systems of work are designed and implemented in all areas of significant risk Employees are encouraged to report any situation where safe access and egress is restricted or obstructed. The workplace floors and traffic route surfaces are suitable for their purpose and maintained in a safe condition and suitably indicated where necessary of reasons of Health and Safety The working activities of contractors are monitored so that they do not lug safe access / egress So far as more or less functional we will take suitable and effective measures to prevent persons falling a hold likely to cause personal injury and to prevent any person being struck by a fallin g object. ActivitiesManual HandlingIn accordance with the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992, theCompany will eliminate the need for manual of arms handling wherever possible. Where elimination is not possible, the risks from manual handling will be assessed and reduced, so far as is reasonably operable by job design and the planning of mechanical aids etc. Manual handling risk assessments will be carried out by the Managing Directors with assistance from B.I.G Business Services. march harbour Equipment (Computer Users)The Company will assess and control health risks from exposure to display screen equipment in accordance with the Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992. Employees that are classed as habitual Display Screen Equipment users are entitled to unbosom eye tests on request and to vision correction appliances but only where these are needed specifically for work with display screen equipment. Display Screen Equipment workstation assessme nts will be arranged by the Chief Executive who will also give any necessary approval for corrective action to remove or control risks. Habitual Display Screen Equipment users will be required to complete self-assessment of their workstation. The complete assessment is to be returned to the Health and Safety Officer, who will review and arrange for any necessary corrective actions. Employees who have declare a disability or existing pep pill limb disorder to the Health and Safety Officer will be individually assessed to ensure all necessary adjustments are made to their workstation and job tasks to allow them to continue working. Demarcation / Safety SignsThe Company recognises the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations minimum requirements for the provision of safety signs at work. The Chief Executive along with the Health and Safety Officer will provide specific safety signs whenever there is a risk that has not been avoided or controlled by other means, for ex ample by engineering controls and Safe Systems of Work (SSoW). Where a safety sign would not help to reduce that risk, or where the risk is not significant, no safety signs will be provided. Hazardous Substances (where necessary)The Company will assess and control health risks from exposure to hazardous substances in accordance with the Control of Substances Hazardous to HealthRegulations (COSHH) 2002. All reasonable steps will be taken to ensure that all exposure of employees to substances hazardous to health is prevented or at to the lowest degree(prenominal) controlled to within statutory limits. We will not supply or use those substances interdict by law. The responsibility for identifying all substances that need a COSHH assessment and for obtaining the Chemical Safety Data Sheets is that of the Chief Executive and Health and Safety Officer. COSHH assessments will be carried out and any actions identified implemented by the Health and Safety Officer with assistance from B.I. G Business Services who will also ensure all relevant employees are advised. The COSHH information will also be made readily available to bear upon employees for reference. The Company will ensure that the exposure of employees to substances hazardous to health is either prevented or, where this is not reasonably practicable, adequately controlled. Where exposure cannot be adequately controlled the Company will provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) issue of charge. The Chief Executive is responsible to ensure all employees will be provided with door-to-door information and instruction on the nature and likelihood of their exposure to substances hazardous to health. The Company risk assessments will be reviewed regularly and particularly if either there is a significant change in the work or the validity of one of our pilot light assessments. Emergency & Continuity happenings, First precaution and Work Related Ill-HealthThe Company is committed to preventing ac cidents and cases of ill-health to employees and others who may be affected by its work activities. However, the Company recognises that failures can occur and will investigate all accidents and ill-health to identify the immediate and underlying causes so as to prevent recurrence. First Aid readyingThe Chief Executive will ensure that adequate first aid trained personnel and equipment is provided, in accordance with the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981. The Chief Executive and the Health and Safety Officer are responsible for ensuring the location of the first aid kit, accident book and the names of First Aiders are known to all employees. Quarterly checks on provisions are to be made by the First Aider and any shortfallsaddressed. Accident ReportingAll accidents and incidents are to be recorded in the accident book. The Health and Safety Officer is to ensure that where appropriate the accident or incident is RIDDOR reportable. The Chief Executive is responsible for investigating accidents and incidents of ill-health to prevent a recurrence. Reporting of Accidents/Incidents to the AuthoritiesAll reportable incidents, as defined by the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) will be reported by the responsible person Chief Executive or the Health and Safety Officer when necessary to the enforcing pledge within the relevant timeframes. The following types of work related incident/accident need to be reported Deathmajor(ip) Injuries e.g. broken bones, dislocations, amputations, loss of sight etc. Any accident resulting in more than 3 days lost from workAny non-employee (i.e. customers, visitors and contractors) being taken nowadays to hospital Certain types of disease e.g. dermatitis, asthma, upper limb disorders, carpal tunnel syndrome etc. Certain types of dangerous occurrence, even when no-on is hurt e.g. electrical fires, etc. All records of all reportable accidents, dangerous occurrences and rep ortable diseases will be kept for at least 3 years. Fire and EvacuationThe Company has procedures in place to follow in the event of emergency. These are communicated to all employees during innovation and are displayed throughout the offices. In impartial terms the procedure is as follows In the event of a fire directly sound the alarm by shouting Fire, Fire, Fire . Only attack the fire if trained to do so do not put yourself at risk. telephone dial 999 and ask for the fire brigade give the building address and location of the fire ensuring it is heard by the operator. Evacuate the building by the nearest exit and depart to the designated assembly point. Do not substantiation to collect personal belongings.Do not re-enter the building until told it is safe to do so. The Company has appointed a responsible person in all locations who is charged with the responsibility of ensuring the safety of the staff and any person who may legally come onto Company property and of anyone n ot on the premises but who may be affected. Therefore, in accordance with the Regulatory disentangle (Fire Safety) Order 2005, the Company will ensure that a Fire Risk assessment is conducted and adequate precautions put in place. The Chief Executive is responsible for ensuring that the fire risk assessment is undertaken and completed. To achieve this duty the Chief Executive have appoint specialist consultants (B.I.G Business Services) to assist in the boundary of the assessment and also in identifying any recommendations necessary. The day-to-day responsibility for ensuring all fire precautions are in place and in order is that of the Health and Safety Officer in particular Escape routes are checked daily to ensure they are exonerate from obstruction. Fire extinguishers are maintained and serviced annually.EnvironmentThe Company will take all reasonable steps to belittle as far as practicable the impact of its activities on the environment. The Company recognises its responsibi lity to the community and has therefore identified the aspects of its operations that may have an effect on the environment. The Company does not consider its business to be of inherent damage to the environment, but it has identified certain areas which need to be controlled to minimise any detrimental environmental effect. The Company will endeavor to control its following activities Consumption of energyUse of packaging materialsEmissionsUse of transportThe Company will meet and where appropriate pass by the requirements of all relevant legislation, will seek to reduce the consumption of materials and will cycle superabundance where possible. In addition, the Company will manage energy and fuel sagely and will minimise visual, noise and other impacts ofits business on the local environment.Waste DisposalIt is the policy of this company that where run out is generated during the course of company activities then that abandon shall be disposed of in a controlled, safe and pr oper manner. Where such waste removal requires the application of special control measures to reduce hazards such as contamination, dust or risk of environmental contamination then laid down company procedures will be followed to render such waste removal inoffensive and free of risk so far as reasonably practicable.The Managing Directors will lead the process of implementing this policy and will keep the policy under continual review.